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1 self comes first
1) Общая лексика: своя рубашка ближе к телу2) Пословица: своя рубаха ближе к телу -
2 self comes first
pats sev tuvākais -
3 self comes first
-
4 self comes first
≈ своя рубашка ближе к телу -
5 self
self
1. сущ.
1) собственная личность, сам study of the self my own self my very self
2) коммерч. сам, лично cheque drawn to self ≈ чек, выписанный на себя your good selves ≈ Вы (в коммерческих письмах) ∙ self comes first, self before all ≈ своя рубашка ближе к телу
2. прил.
1) сплошной, однородный( о цвете)
2) смешанный, разбавленный (о виски)
3) одноцветный( о цветке) свое "я", сущность, облик, склад, совокупность свойств (человека) - my own /very/ * моя собственная персона;
мое собственное "я" - one's better * лучшее, что есть в человеке - one's former * то, чем человек был раньше - my former * мое прежнее "я" - to be one's own * быть самим собой - he is quite his old * again он опять такой же, как и был - he became his silent * again он вновь стал таким же молчаливым, как и был - to be in love with one's own * быть влюбленным в самого себя - one and the same * верный (самому) себе, не меняющийся - a secret * he had enclosed within свое настоящее "я" он скрывал в тайниках души - to get a glimpse of Shakespeare's very * in the Sonnets почувствовать самую душу Шекспира, читая его сонеты сущность (чего-л.) - the expression of beauty's * выражение самой /истинной/ красоты( книжное) личность, субъект, мое "я" - to be conscious of * осознать самого себя - the study of the * самоанализ( философское) эго;
индивид как объект своего сознания в сочетании с притяжательным местоимением и часто прил. - your dear * ты, дорогой - our two selves мы оба, мы с тобой - their hideous wives, their horrid selves and dresses эти страшные люди, их ужасные жены и ужасная одежда - your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах) - our noble selves! за наше здоровье!, за нас! (тост) - be your natural * не ломайся, не притворяйся другим, чем ты есть собственные, эгоистические интересы - thoughts centered on * мысли, занятые только собой /своими интересами/ - cares for nothing but * заботы только о себе /о своих интересах/ - to put * first ставить свои личные интересы на первое место, исходить из личных интересов - to have no thought of * не забывать /не думать/ о себе - * is a bad guide to happiness эгоизм не ведет к счастью - * is his God and selfishness is his religion его Бог - он сам, а эгоизм - его религия - to rise above * стоять выше личных интересов > my second *, my other * мое второе "я", моя правая рука, самый близкий друг > * comes first своя рубашка ближе к телу однородный, сплошной, цельный, несмешанный( о цвете, материале) - * trimming отделка из того же материала - * belt пояс из того же материала, что платье /пальто/ - a wooden tool with * handle деревянный инструмент с такой же ручкой одноцветный;
одинаковый по цвету - * carnation одноцветная гвоздика оплодотворяться самоопылением размножаться инбридингом я сам(а) - a room for * and wife комната для меня и жены - * and friend took train for London я (сам) и еще (один) человек сели в поезд, отправлявшийся в Лондон он (сам) ;
она (сама) - a cheque drawn to * чек, выписанный на себя - pay to * оплачивается только лицу, подписавшему чек (надпись на чеках) - a ticket admitting * and friend билет на двоих self ком. = myself и т. д.;
cheque drawn to self чек, выписанный на себя;
your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах) to have no thought of ~ не думать о себе;
one's better self лучшее, что есть в человеке ~ (pl selves) собственная личность, сам;
the study of the self самоанализ;
my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона ~ (pl selves) собственная личность, сам;
the study of the self самоанализ;
my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона to have no thought of ~ не думать о себе;
one's better self лучшее, что есть в человеке one's former ~ то, чем человек был раньше;
one's second self близкий друг, правая рука one's former ~ то, чем человек был раньше;
one's second self близкий друг, правая рука self ком. = myself и т. д.;
cheque drawn to self чек, выписанный на себя;
your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах) ~ одноцветный (о цветке) ~ (pl selves) собственная личность, сам;
the study of the self самоанализ;
my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона ~ сплошной, однородный (о цвете) ~ comes first, ~ бефоре алл = своя рубашка ближе к телу ~ comes first, ~ бефоре алл = своя рубашка ближе к телу ~ (pl selves) собственная личность, сам;
the study of the self самоанализ;
my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона self ком. = myself и т. д.;
cheque drawn to self чек, выписанный на себя;
your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах) -
6 self
[self]self ком. = myself и т. д.; cheque drawn to self чек, выписанный на себя; your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах) to have no thought of self не думать о себе; one's better self лучшее, что есть в человеке self (pl selves) собственная личность, сам; the study of the self самоанализ; my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона self (pl selves) собственная личность, сам; the study of the self самоанализ; my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона to have no thought of self не думать о себе; one's better self лучшее, что есть в человеке one's former self то, чем человек был раньше; one's second self близкий друг, правая рука one's former self то, чем человек был раньше; one's second self близкий друг, правая рука self ком. = myself и т. д.; cheque drawn to self чек, выписанный на себя; your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах) self одноцветный (о цветке) self (pl selves) собственная личность, сам; the study of the self самоанализ; my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона self сплошной, однородный (о цвете) self comes first, self бефоре алл = своя рубашка ближе к телу self comes first, self бефоре алл = своя рубашка ближе к телу self (pl selves) собственная личность, сам; the study of the self самоанализ; my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона self ком. = myself и т. д.; cheque drawn to self чек, выписанный на себя; your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах) -
7 self
self [self]1. n (pl selves)1) со́бственная ли́чность, сам;the study of the self самоана́лиз
;my own self, my very self я сам, моя́ со́бственная персо́на
;one's better self лу́чшее, что есть в челове́ке
;one's former self то, чем челове́к был ра́ньше
;one's second self бли́зкий друг, пра́вая рука́
2) ли́чные, эгоисти́ческие интере́сы;to have no thought of self не ду́мать о себе́
cheque drawn to self чек, вы́писанный на себя́
;◊self comes first, self before all ≅ своя́ руба́шка бли́же к те́лу
2. a1) сплошно́й, одноро́дный ( о цвете)2) одноцве́тный ( о цветке) -
8 self
[self] 1. сущ.; мн. selves1)а) собственная личность, своё "я"my own / very self — я сам, моё "я"
Young babies do not have a fully developed sense of self. — У младенцев не очень развито ощущение своего "я".
б) личность, характер, сущность, склад натурыSid was not his usual smiling self. — Сид, против своего обыкновения, не улыбался.
Howard was beginning to feel like his old self again. — Говард снова становился самим собой.
2) разг. эгоистические интересыIt's always self, self, self! You never think of anyone else! — Всё время "я", "я", "я"! Ты никогда не думаешь ни о ком, кроме себя!
3) брит. сам, лично ( в деловой документации)cheque drawn to self — чек, выписанный на себя
••self comes first, self before all — своя рубашка ближе к телу
2. прил.to be a shadow / ghost of one's former self — быть тенью себя самого (не таким жизнерадостным, весёлым или здоровым, как прежде)
а) сплошной, однородный, несмешанный (о цвете, материале)б) одноцветный ( о цветке) -
9 self
[self] n սեփական անձը/ “ես” ը. the study of the self ինքնավերլուծություն. my (very) own self իմ սեփական անձը, ես ինքս. one’s better self լավագույնը մարդու մեջ. one’s second self ամենամոտ բարեկամը, աջ ձեռքը, երկրորդ “ ես “ ը. the conscious self գիտակցությունը She is her old self again Նորից այնպիսին է, ինչ պիսին կար. self comes first, self before all (ամենից) Առաջ ես, հետո մյուսները -
10 self
1. [self] n (pl selves)1. 1) своё «я»; сущность, облик, склад, совокупность свойств ( человека)my own /very/ self - моя собственная персона; моё собственное «я»
one's better self - лучшее, что есть в человеке
one's former self - то, чем человек был раньше
my former self - моё прежнее «я»
he is quite his old self again - он опять такой же, как и был
he became his silent self again - он вновь стал таким же молчаливым, как и был
one and the same self - верный (самому) себе, не меняющийся
a secret self he had enclosed within - своё настоящее «я» он скрывал в тайниках души
to get a glimpse of Shakespeare's very self in the Sonnets - почувствовать самую душу Шекспира, читая его сонеты
2) сущность (чего-л.)the expression of beauty's self - выражение самой /истинной/ красоты
3) книжн. личность, субъект, моё «я»4) филос. эго; индивид как объект своего сознания2. в сочетании с притяжательным местоимением и часто прил.:your dear self - ты, дорогой
our two selves - мы оба, мы с тобой
their hideous wives, their horrid selves and dresses - эти страшные люди, их ужасные жёны и ужасная одежда
our noble selves! - за наше здоровье!, за нас! ( тост)
be your natural self - ≅ не ломайся, не притворяйся другим, чем ты есть
3. собственные, эгоистические интересыthoughts centered on self - мысли, занятые только собой /своими интересами/
cares for nothing but self - заботы только о себе /о своих интересах/
to put self first - ставить свои личные интересы на первое место, исходить из личных интересов
to have no thought of self - забывать /не думать/ о себе
self is his God and selfishness is his religion - его бог - он сам, а эгоизм - его религия
♢
my second self, my other self - моё второе «я», моя правая рука, самый близкий друг2. [self] aself comes first - ≅ своя рубашка ближе к телу
1) однородный, сплошной, цельный; несмешанный (о цвете, материале)self belt - пояс из того же материала, что платье /пальто/
2) одноцветный; одинаковый по цвету3. [self] v обыкн. pass1) оплодотворяться самоопылением2) размножаться инбридингом4. [self] indef pron1) я сам(а)self and friend took train for London - я (сам) и ещё (один) человек сели в поезд, отправлявшийся в Лондон
2) он (сам); она (сама)a cheque drawn to self - чек, выписанный на себя
pay to self - оплачивается только лицу, подписавшему чек ( надпись на чеках)
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11 self
1. [self] n (pl selves)1. 1) своё «я»; сущность, облик, склад, совокупность свойств ( человека)my own /very/ self - моя собственная персона; моё собственное «я»
one's better self - лучшее, что есть в человеке
one's former self - то, чем человек был раньше
my former self - моё прежнее «я»
he is quite his old self again - он опять такой же, как и был
he became his silent self again - он вновь стал таким же молчаливым, как и был
one and the same self - верный (самому) себе, не меняющийся
a secret self he had enclosed within - своё настоящее «я» он скрывал в тайниках души
to get a glimpse of Shakespeare's very self in the Sonnets - почувствовать самую душу Шекспира, читая его сонеты
2) сущность (чего-л.)the expression of beauty's self - выражение самой /истинной/ красоты
3) книжн. личность, субъект, моё «я»4) филос. эго; индивид как объект своего сознания2. в сочетании с притяжательным местоимением и часто прил.:your dear self - ты, дорогой
our two selves - мы оба, мы с тобой
their hideous wives, their horrid selves and dresses - эти страшные люди, их ужасные жёны и ужасная одежда
our noble selves! - за наше здоровье!, за нас! ( тост)
be your natural self - ≅ не ломайся, не притворяйся другим, чем ты есть
3. собственные, эгоистические интересыthoughts centered on self - мысли, занятые только собой /своими интересами/
cares for nothing but self - заботы только о себе /о своих интересах/
to put self first - ставить свои личные интересы на первое место, исходить из личных интересов
to have no thought of self - забывать /не думать/ о себе
self is his God and selfishness is his religion - его бог - он сам, а эгоизм - его религия
♢
my second self, my other self - моё второе «я», моя правая рука, самый близкий друг2. [self] aself comes first - ≅ своя рубашка ближе к телу
1) однородный, сплошной, цельный; несмешанный (о цвете, материале)self belt - пояс из того же материала, что платье /пальто/
2) одноцветный; одинаковый по цвету3. [self] v обыкн. pass1) оплодотворяться самоопылением2) размножаться инбридингом4. [self] indef pron1) я сам(а)self and friend took train for London - я (сам) и ещё (один) человек сели в поезд, отправлявшийся в Лондон
2) он (сам); она (сама)a cheque drawn to self - чек, выписанный на себя
pay to self - оплачивается только лицу, подписавшему чек ( надпись на чеках)
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12 self
1. [self] n (pl selves)1. 1) своё «я»; сущность, облик, склад, совокупность свойств ( человека)my own /very/ self - моя собственная персона; моё собственное «я»
one's better self - лучшее, что есть в человеке
one's former self - то, чем человек был раньше
my former self - моё прежнее «я»
he is quite his old self again - он опять такой же, как и был
he became his silent self again - он вновь стал таким же молчаливым, как и был
one and the same self - верный (самому) себе, не меняющийся
a secret self he had enclosed within - своё настоящее «я» он скрывал в тайниках души
to get a glimpse of Shakespeare's very self in the Sonnets - почувствовать самую душу Шекспира, читая его сонеты
2) сущность (чего-л.)the expression of beauty's self - выражение самой /истинной/ красоты
3) книжн. личность, субъект, моё «я»4) филос. эго; индивид как объект своего сознания2. в сочетании с притяжательным местоимением и часто прил.:your dear self - ты, дорогой
our two selves - мы оба, мы с тобой
their hideous wives, their horrid selves and dresses - эти страшные люди, их ужасные жёны и ужасная одежда
our noble selves! - за наше здоровье!, за нас! ( тост)
be your natural self - ≅ не ломайся, не притворяйся другим, чем ты есть
3. собственные, эгоистические интересыthoughts centered on self - мысли, занятые только собой /своими интересами/
cares for nothing but self - заботы только о себе /о своих интересах/
to put self first - ставить свои личные интересы на первое место, исходить из личных интересов
to have no thought of self - забывать /не думать/ о себе
self is his God and selfishness is his religion - его бог - он сам, а эгоизм - его религия
♢
my second self, my other self - моё второе «я», моя правая рука, самый близкий друг2. [self] aself comes first - ≅ своя рубашка ближе к телу
1) однородный, сплошной, цельный; несмешанный (о цвете, материале)self belt - пояс из того же материала, что платье /пальто/
2) одноцветный; одинаковый по цвету3. [self] v обыкн. pass1) оплодотворяться самоопылением2) размножаться инбридингом4. [self] indef pron1) я сам(а)self and friend took train for London - я (сам) и ещё (один) человек сели в поезд, отправлявшийся в Лондон
2) он (сам); она (сама)a cheque drawn to self - чек, выписанный на себя
pay to self - оплачивается только лицу, подписавшему чек ( надпись на чеках)
-
13 self
1. n (pl selves)1) суть, склад, сукупність властивостей (людини)one's better self — найкраще, що є в людині
she is quite her old self again — вона знову така ж, як і була
2) сутність (чогось)3) філос. особистість, власна персона; суб'єкт, моє «я»2. adj1) однорідний, суцільний; цілісний; незмішаний (про колір тощо)2) однобарвний; однакового кольору3) свій (власний)4) той самий, той же3. pron1) я сам, я сама2) він сам, вона самаpay to self — оплачується тільки особі, яка підписала чек (напис на чеках)
3) сам, сама, самеI confess to a satisfaction in the self act of reading — сказати правду, саме (сам процес) читання дає мені задоволення
4. v звич. pass. запліднюватися самозапиленням* * *I [self] n; (pl selves)1) своє "я"; сутність, вигляд, склад, сукупність властивостей ( людини); особистість, суб'єкт, моє "я"the study of the self — самоаналіз; фiлoc. его
2) у сполученні з присвійним займенником, часто пpикм.your dear self — ти, дорогий
3) власні, егоїстичні інтересиII [self] aоднорідний, цільний, цілісний; незмішаний ( матеріал); однобарвний, одноколірнийIII [self] v; passзапліднюватися самозапиленням; розмножуватися інбридингомIV [self] -
14 self
1. noun(pl. selves)1) собственная личность, сам; the study of the self самоанализ; my own self, my very self я сам, моя собственная персона; to have no thought of self не думать о себе; one's better self лучшее, что есть в человеке; one's former self то, чем человек был раньше; one's second self близкий друг, правая рука2) comm. = myselfe.g.cheque drawn to self чек, выписанный на себя; your good selves Вы (в коммерческих письмах)self comes first, self before all = своя рубашка ближе к телу2. adjective1) сплошной, однородный (о цвете)2) одноцветный (о цветке)* * *(a) сам* * *1) собственная личность, сам 2) сам, лично* * *[ self] n. сам, само, себя adj. однородный, сплошной, одноцветный pron. личность, особа pref. себе самому* * ** * *1. сущ. 1) собственная личность 2) коммерч. сам 2. прил. 1) сплошной, однородный (о цвете) 2) смешанный, разбавленный (о виски) 3) одноцветный (о цветке) -
15 self
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16 _різне
aim at the stars, but keep your feet on the ground all are not thieves that dogs bark at all cats are grey in the dark all roads lead to Rome always lend a helping hand among the blind the one-eyed man is king as the days grow longer, the storms are stronger at a round table, there is no dispute of place a bad excuse is better than none a bad vessel is seldom broken be just before you're generous be just to all, but trust not all the best things come in small packages the best way to resist temptation is to give in to it better alone than in bad company better an empty house than a bad tenant better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion better ride an ass that carries me than a horse that throws me better to beg than to steal, but better to work than to beg better a tooth out than always aching between two stools one goes to the ground a bird may be known by its flight a bird never flew on one wing a bit in the morning is better than nothing all day a bleating sheep loses a bite a blind man would be glad to see a blind man needs no looking glass bread always falls buttered side down a burden which one chooses is not felt butter to butter is no relish cast no dirt in the well that gives you water the chain is no stronger than its weakest link a change is as good as a rest Christmas comes but once a year circumstances after cases cleanliness is next to godliness the cobbler's wife is the worst shod a cold hand, a warm heart comparisons are odious consistency is a jewel consideration is half of conversation a creaking door hangs long on its hinges desperate diseases must have desperate remedies the devil looks after his own diamond cut diamond dirt shows the quickest on the cleanest cotton discontent is the first step in progress do as you would be done by dog does not eat dog a dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone a dog will not cry if you beat him with a bone do not spoil the ship for a ha'porth of tar do not throw pearls before swine do your best and leave the rest with God do your duty and be afraid of none don't be a yes-man don't cut off your nose to spite your face don't drown yourself to save a drowning man don't look a gift horse in the mouth don't spur a willing horse don't strike a man when he is down don't swap the witch for the devil eagles don't catch flies eagles fly alone, but sheep flock together the English are a nation of shopkeepers even a stopped clock is right twice a day every cock sings in his own way every fish that escapes seems greater than it is every man is a pilot in a calm sea every medal has its reverse side every thing comes to a man who does not need it every tub smells of the wine it holds evil communications corrupt good manners the exception proves the rule exchange is no robbery extremes meet facts are stubborn things familiarity breeds contempt fast bind, fast find fields have eyes, and woods have ears fight fire with fire figure on the worst but hope for the best fingers were made before forks the fire which lights us at a distance will burn us when near the first shall be last and the last, first follow your own star forbearance is no acquittance the fox knows much, but more he that catches him from the day you were born till you ride in a hearse, there's nothing so bad but it might have been worse from the sweetest wine, the tartest vinegar fruit is golden in the morning, silver at noon, and lead at night gambling is the son of avarice and the father of despair the game is not worth the candles a gentleman never makes any noise the gift bringer always finds an open door the giver makes the gift precious a good horse cannot be of a bad colour a good tale is none the worse for being twice told good riddance to bad rubbish the greatest right in the world is the right to be wrong the half is more than the whole half a loaf is better than no bread half an orange tastes as sweet as a whole one hawk will not pick out hawk's eyes the heart has arguments with which the understanding is unacquainted he may well swim that is held up by the chin he that doesn't respect, isn't respected he that lies down with dogs must rise with fleas he that would live at peace and rest must hear and see and say the best he who is absent is always in the wrong he who follows is always behind the higher the climb, the broader the view history is a fable agreed upon hitch your wagon to a star the ideal we embrace is our better self if a bee didn't have a sting, he couldn't keep his honey if a sheep loops the dyke, all the rest will follow I fear Greeks even when bringing gifts if each would sweep before his own door, we should have a clean city if the cap fits, wear it if the mountain will not come to Mohammed, Mohammed must go to the mountain if you cannot bite, never show your teeth if you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have if you cannot speak well of a person, don't speak of him at all if you leave your umbrella at home, it is sure to rain if you wish to see the best in others, show the best of yourself ill news travels fast ill weeds grow apace an inch breaks no square it always pays to be a gentleman it costs nothing to ask it is easier to descend than ascend it is easier to pull down than to build up it is good fishing in troubled waters it is idle to swallow the cow and choke on the tail it is the last straw that breaks the camel's back it is sometimes best to burn your bridges behind you it is well to leave off playing when the game is at the best it is not clever to gamble, but to stop playing it's a small world it takes all sorts to make a world it takes a thief to catch a thief jealousy is a green-eyed monster jealousy is a proof of self-love keep a dress seven years and it will come back into style keep no more cats than will catch mice kindle not a fire that you cannot extinguish kissing goes by favor jam tomorrow and jam yesterday, but never jam today a joy that's shared is a joy made double justice is blind lay not the load on the lame horse learn to creep before you leap let the cock crow or not, the day will come the longest road is sometimes the shortest way home lookers-on see most of the game man does not live by bread alone many are called but few are chosen many go out for wool and come home shorn many stumble at a straw and leap over a block men cease to interest us when we find their limitations a misty morn may have a fine day the mob has many heads but no brains the moon is not seen when the sun shines the more the merrier mountain has brought forth a mouse much water runs by the mill that the miller knows not of name not a halter in his house that hanged himself the nearer the bone, the sweeter the meat never be the first by whom the new is tried nor yet the last to lay the old aside never do anything yourself you can get somebody else to do never is a long time never let your left hand know what your right hand is doing never make a bargain with the devil on a dark day never quarrel with your bread and butter never tell tales out of school a nod's as good as a wink to a blind horse no joy without alloy no man is a hero to his valet no mud can soil us but the mud we throw no names, no pack-drill no news good news no one but the wearer knows where the shoe pinches none is so blind as they who will not see none of us is perfect nothing is certain but the unforeseen nothing is easy to the unwilling nothing is so good but it might have been better nothing is stolen without hands nothing new under the sun nothing seems quite as good as new after being broken an old poacher makes the best keeper once is no rule one dog barks at nothing, the rest bark at him one good turn deserves another one half of the world does not know how the other half lives one hand washes the other one man's meat is another man's poison one picture is worth ten thousand words one volunteer is worth two pressed men one whip is good enough for a good horse; for a bad one, not a thousand opposites attract each other the orange that is squeezed too hard yields a bitter juice other people's burdens killed the ass out of the mire into the swamp painted flowers have no scent paper is patient: you can put anything on it people condemn what they do not understand pigs might fly the pitcher goes often to the well please ever; tease never plenty is no plague the porcupine, whom one must handle gloved, may be respected but is never loved the proof of the pudding is in the eating the remedy is worse than the disease reopen not the wounds once healed a rolling stone gathers no moss the rotten apple injures its neighbors scratch my back and I shall scratch yours the sea refuses no river seize what is highest and you will possess what is in between seldom seen, soon forgotten silence scandal by scandal the sharper the storm, the sooner it's over the sheep who talks peace with a wolf will soon be mutton since we cannot get what we like, let us like what we can get small faults indulged in are little thieves that let in greater solitude is at times the best society some people are too mean for heaven and too good for hell the soul of a man is a garden where, as he sows, so shall he reap sour grapes can never make sweet wine sow a thought and reap an act the sow loves bran better than roses a stick is quickly found to beat a dog with still waters run deep stoop low and it will save you many a bump through life a straw shows which way the wind blows a stream cannot rise above its source the style is the man the sun loses nothing by shining into a puddle the sun shines on all the world the sun will shine down our street too sunday plans never stand suspicion may be no fault, but showing it may be a great one sweetest nuts have the hardest shells the tail cannot shake the dog take things as they are, not as you'd have them tastes differ there are more ways of killing a dog than hanging it there is always room at the top there is life in the old dog yet there is no rose without a thorn there is small choice in rotten apples there is truth in wine there's as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it they need much whom nothing will content they that dance must pay the fiddler they walk with speed who walk alone those who hide can find three removals are as bad as a fire to the pure all things are pure to work hard, live hard, die hard, and go to hell after all would be hard indeed too far east is west translation is at best an echo a tree is known by its fruit a tree often transplanted neither grows nor thrives two can play at that game two dogs over one bone seldom agree venture a small fish to catch a great one the voice with a smile always wins wear my shoes and you'll know where they pitch we weep when we are born, not when we die what can you have of a cat but her skin what can't be cured must be endured what matters to a blind man that his father could see what you lose on the swings, you gain on the roundabouts when all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail when a dog is drowning, everyone offers him drink when in doubt, do nowt when interest is lost, memory is lost when a man lays the foundation of his own ruin, others will build on it when a river does not make a noise, it is either empty or very full when the devil is dead, he never lacks a chief mourner when two ride on one horse one must sit behind where bees are, there is honey where it is weakest, there the thread breaks who seeks what he should not finds what he would not why keep a dog and bark yourself? a wonder lasts but nine days the worth of a thing is best known by its want the world is a ladder for some to go up and some down would you persuade, speak of interest, not of reason you buy land, you buy stones; you buy meat, you buy bones you can take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink you can tell the day by the morning you cannot lose what you never had you cannot touch pitch and not be defiled you can't put new wine in old bottles you can't walk and look at the stars if you have a stone in your shoe your looking glass will tell you what none of your friends will zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse -
17 Creativity
Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with DisorderEven to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)[P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
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18 family
ˈfæmɪlɪ
1. сущ.
1) семья, семейство;
род to start a family ≈ основать семью extended family ≈ большая семья good family ≈ хорошее( благородное) семейство He comes from a good. family ≈ Он из хорошей семьи. blended family ≈ смешанная семья broken family ≈ разбитая семья the head of a family ≈ глава семьи a member of a family ≈ член семьи in the family ≈ в семье to clothe a family, feed a family, raise a family, support a family ≈ кормить/содержать семью official family ≈ официальное семейство (ближайшее окружение президента, губернатора или мэра)
2) а) раса;
род;
племя Syn: race II б) семейство (в различных научных областях) ;
совокупность;
система cat family ≈ семейство кошачьих rose family ≈ семейство розоцветных family of languages ≈ языковая семья family of curves ≈ семейство кривых
3) братство, объединение, содружество Syn: concord, community ∙ the President's official family амер. ≈ члены кабинета (министров) in the family way ≈ беременная be in the family way ≈ быть в интересном положении, быть беременной
2. прил. семейный;
фамильный, родовой;
домашний family friend ≈ друг семьи family hotel ≈ гостиница для семейных family jewels ≈ фамильные драгоценности family likeness ≈ фамильное сходство;
отдаленное сходство family name ≈
1) фамилия
2) имя, частое в роду family estate ≈ родовое имение family circle ≈
1) домашний, семейный круг
2) амер.;
театр. галерка;
балкон family man ≈ семейный человек;
домосед family planning ≈ контроль рождаемости;
ограничение рождаемости;
планирование семьи family worker ≈ лицо, работающее на семейном предприятии family skeleton ≈ семейная тайна family status ≈ семейное положение family allowance ≈ пособие многодетным семьям family Bible ≈ семейная (домашняя) Библия (в которой часто фиксируются важнейшие семейные события, напр., даты рождения детей) family budget ≈ семейный бюджет family council ≈ семейный совет - family doctor - family feud - family law - family life - family medicine - family photograph - family physician - family quarrel - family room - family tree семья, семейство - * likeness семейное сходство - there is a * likeness between the two cousins между двоюродными братьями есть семейное сходство - * trait семейная /фамильная/ черта - * film /movie/ фильм для всей семьи;
кинокартина, которую могут смотреть и дети, и взрослые - * friend друг семьи, друг дома - a man of * семейный человек - how are all your *? как поживает ваша семья /ваше семейство/? - my * are early risers у нас в семье все встают рано семья, род - * jewels фамильные драгоценности - * silver фамильное серебро - * estate родовое имение - a man of * человек знатного рода - a man of good * человек из хорошей семьи - a man of no * человек без роду, без племени - to run in the * быть характерной семейной особенностью /чертой/ - disease that runs in the * наследственная болезнь дети (одной семьи) - wife and * жена и дети - my wife and I want a large * мы с женой хотим иметь много детей - to start a * родить или зачать первого ребенка (специальное) семейство - cat * (зоология) семейство кошачьих - rose * (ботаника) семейство розоцветных - * of langauges языковая семья - * of curves (математика) семейство кривых - chlorine * (химическое) группа хлора - radium * (химическое) ряд радия - the Jupiter * (астрономия) семейство (планет) Юпитера коллектив, объединение - F. of Love ( историческое) Общество христианской любви (религиозная секта) - the President's official * (американизм) члены кабинета (министров) "семья", "семейство" (в мафии) ;
гангстерский синдикат, орудующий в определенном районе ( часто его главари - члены одной семьи) "семья";
группа хиппи, живущая коммуной > first families( американизм) первые поселенцы;
(пренебрежительное) аристократия > the Holy F. святое семейство > happy * счастливая семейка (животные и птицы разных пород, мирно живущие в одной клетке) > in a * way по-домашнему, без церемоний > in the * way (эвфмеизм) в интересном положении, беременная to be in the ~ way быть в интересном положении (быть беременной) ;
the President's official family амер. члены кабинета (министров) broken ~ разбитая семья component ~ семейство комонентов computer ~ вчт. семейство вычислительных машин computer ~ вчт. семейство компьютеров extended ~ расширенная семья (включающая, кроме родителей и детей, также ближайших родственников) family вчт. ряд ~ вчт. семейство ~ семейство ~ семья, семейство;
род ~ семья ~ вчт. серия ~ содружество man: ~ of worth достойный, почтенный человек;
сочетания типа family man, self-made man, medical man, leading man, etc. см. под family, self-made, medical, leading, etc. ~ attr. семейный;
родовой;
фамильный ~ circle семейный круг ~ circle амер. театр. галерка;
балкон;
family estate родовое имение;
family man семейный человек;
домосед ~ likeness фамильное сходство;
отдаленное сходство;
family friend друг семьи ~ name имя, частое в роду;
family tree родословное дерево;
family hotel гостиница для семейных ~ jewels фамильные драгоценности;
family planning контроль рождаемости ~ likeness фамильное сходство;
отдаленное сходство;
family friend друг семьи ~ circle амер. театр. галерка;
балкон;
family estate родовое имение;
family man семейный человек;
домосед man: ~ of worth достойный, почтенный человек;
сочетания типа family man, self-made man, medical man, leading man, etc. см. под family, self-made, medical, leading, etc. ~ name имя, частое в роду;
family tree родословное дерево;
family hotel гостиница для семейных ~ name фамилия name: family ~ имя, традиционное в данной семье family ~ фамилия ~ of games вчт. семейство игр a man of ~ человек знатного рода;
a family of languages лингв. языковая семья ~ jewels фамильные драгоценности;
family planning контроль рождаемости planning: family ~ внутрисемейное регулирование рождаемости family ~ контроль рождаемости family ~ планирование семьи ~ name имя, частое в роду;
family tree родословное дерево;
family hotel гостиница для семейных foster families приемные семьи (средство оказания помощи лицам, которые имеют трудности в общении со своими родными семьями) infinity ~ бесконечное семейство integrated circuit ~ вчт. серия ИС low-income ~ семья с низким доходом a man of ~ семейный человек a man of ~ человек знатного рода;
a family of languages лингв. языковая семья man: ~ of family знатный человек;
амер. семейный человек;
man of genius гениальный человек to be in the ~ way быть в интересном положении (быть беременной) ;
the President's official family амер. члены кабинета (министров) psychologist for ~ consiliation психолог по примирению в семьях shelter for battered ~ members убежище для членов разрушенной семьи single-parent ~ семья с одним родителем social worker for ~ conciliation социальный работник по вопросам примирения в семье task ~ вчт. семейство задач -
19 myself
it's awful - I have to exert \myself to jog half a block es ist schrecklich - ich muss mich zwingen, einen halben Block zu laufen;though I tried to calm \myself down, I found \myself in too much of a panic obwohl ich versuchte, mich zu beruhigen, hatte ich doch zu große Panik;when it comes to love, I often deceive \myself in der Liebe betrüge ich mich oft selbst;let me introduce \myself - I'm Jackie Wentworth ich möchte mich vorstellen - ich bin Jackie Wentworth;I've bought \myself a new coat ich kaufte mir einen neuen Mantel;I was ashamed at \myself... ich schämte mich...;I caught sight of \myself in the mirror ich sah mich im Spiegel;yes, I thought to \myself, it's time to take a holiday ja, dachte ich mir, es ist Zeit für einen Urlaub;I strolled around, muttering to \myself ich wanderte umher und murmelte vor mich hin;2) (emph form: I, me) ich;my husband and \myself were delighted with the gifts mein Ehemann und ich sind über die Geschenke begeistert;people like \myself Menschen wie ich;I don't like a heavy meal at lunchtime \myself ich persönlich esse zu Mittag nicht gerne schwer;I wrote it \myself ich schrieb es selbst;I think I've done a good job raising my kids if I do say it \myself ich denke, ich habe die Kinder gut erzogen, wenn ich das sagen darf;in \myself (dated);I'm well enough in \myself despite the problems with the leg mir geht es recht gut, auch wenn ich Probleme mit dem Bein habe4) ( me alone)I never get an hour to \myself ich habe nie eine Stunde für mich;[all] by \myself [ganz] alleine;I live by \myself ich lebe alleine;I had to do the whole job by \myself ich musste die ganze Arbeit alleine machen;I wanted to keep the chips for \myself because I was so hungry ich wollte die Pommes frites für mich alleine haben, da ich so hungrig war;“I can get \myself dressed alone now,” said the little girl „ich kann mich jetzt ganz alleine anziehen“, sagte das kleine Mädchen5) ( my normal self)to [just] be \myself [ganz] ich selbst sein;even though I was nervous about our first date, I tried to calm down and just be \myself zwar war ich vor unserem ersten Date nervös, aber ich versuchte mich zu beruhigen und ganz ich selbst zu sein;I haven't felt \myself lately - I guess I feel a little depressed or something ich war in letzter Zeit nicht ganz ich selbst - ich glaube, ich war ein wenig deprimiert oder so;to look \myself wie ich selbst aussehen;I didn't look \myself in my sister's clothes ich sah in der Kleidung meiner Schwester nicht wie ich selbst aus -
20 section
'sekʃən1) (a part or division: He divided the orange into sections; There is disagreement in one section of the community; the accounts section of the business.) sección2) (a view of the inside of anything when, or as if, it is cut right through or across: a section of the stem of a flower.) sección•section n1. sección / parte2. tramotr['sekʃən]1 (of newspaper, orchestra, department) sección nombre femenino; (of furniture, book) parte nombre femenino; (of road) tramo; (of orange) gajo3 (of document, law) artículo, apartado5 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL sección nombre femenino6 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (land) milla cuadrada1 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL (cut) cortar, seccionar2 (divide) dividirsection ['sɛkʃən] n: sección f, parte f (de un mueble, etc.), sector m (de la población), barrio m (de una ciudad)n.• apartado s.m.• artículo s.m.• barrio s.m.• cuartel s.m.• departamento s.m.• región s.f.• sección s.f.• sector s.m.• tramo s.m.v.• seccionar v.
I 'sekʃən1)a) (of object, newspaper, orchestra) sección f; (of machine, piece of furniture) parte f; ( of road) tramo m; (of city, population, public opinion) sector msection two, subsection one — ( of document) artículo dos, punto or inciso primero
b) ( unit of land) (AmE) 640 acres o 2,59km22) ( department) sección f; (before n 220 m) <manager, supervisor> de sección3) (in geometry, drawing) sección f, corte m4)a) ( thin slice) sección fb) ( in surgery) sección f
II
transitive verb \<\<map/area\>\> dividir; \<\<line\>\> segmentar['sekʃǝn]they sectioned off part of the office — separaron parte de la oficina con una mampara (or tabique etc)
1. N1) (=part) [of pipeline, road] tramo m ; [of self-assembly item] pieza f, parte f ; [of orange etc] gajo m ; [of book, text] parte f ; [of code, law] artículo m ; [of document, report] apartado m, punto m ; [of orchestra] sección f ; [of country] región f ; [of community, opinion] sector m ; [of town] (Brit) sector m, zona f ; (US) (=district) barrio mpassports section — sección f de pasaportes
brass 3., string 3., percussion 2., woodwindthe sports/finance section — [of newspaper] la sección de deportes/economía
2) (=cut) (in diagram, dissection) sección f, corte mcross section — (lit) sección f transversal
the research was compiled using a cross section of the British population — el estudió se realizó utilizando un sector representativo de la población británica
3) (Med) (also: Caesarean section)see Caesarean2. VT1) (=divide) partir, trocear2) [+ mentally ill person] internar en un psiquiátrico3.CPDsection mark N — párrafo m
* * *
I ['sekʃən]1)a) (of object, newspaper, orchestra) sección f; (of machine, piece of furniture) parte f; ( of road) tramo m; (of city, population, public opinion) sector msection two, subsection one — ( of document) artículo dos, punto or inciso primero
b) ( unit of land) (AmE) 640 acres o 2,59km22) ( department) sección f; (before n 220 m) <manager, supervisor> de sección3) (in geometry, drawing) sección f, corte m4)a) ( thin slice) sección fb) ( in surgery) sección f
II
transitive verb \<\<map/area\>\> dividir; \<\<line\>\> segmentar
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